not only … but … 文法|不僅……而且……的英文用法

Does This Undervalued Stock Have Strong Growth Potential?

Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.B), loves American Express (NYSE:AXP). Although that may be too strong, he must like it a lot, given that he has held it in his Berkshire Hathaway portfolio since 1991. In fact, not only is it one of his longest-held positions, but it is currently his third-largest holding. He owns more than 151 million shares of American Express, which made up about 6.6% of his portfolio as of June 30.

Broadly speaking, American Express checks a lot of critical boxes for Buffett, as he likes banks, strong management, a competitive advantage and good value. Right now in particular, American Express is trading at a favorable valuation, but does it have long-term growth potential?

一、Does This Undervalued Stock Have Strong Growth Potential?

1. undervalued stock

undervalued = 被低估的

stock = 股票

undervalued stock
被低估的股票

undervalued 是財經英文非常重要的字,表示市場價格低於投資者認為的合理價值。

This stock appears to be undervalued.
這檔股票看起來被低估了。

2. have strong growth potential

growth potential = 成長潛力

Does this undervalued stock have strong growth potential?
這檔被低估的股票具有強勁的成長潛力嗎?

這裡的 potential 是「潛力、可能性」。

類似說法:

  • growth prospects = 成長前景
  • growth opportunity = 成長機會
  • future growth = 未來成長
  • long-term growth potential = 長期成長潛力

二、Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, loves American Express.

1. chairman and CEO of…

chairman = 董事長

CEO = 執行長

Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
Warren Buffett,Berkshire Hathaway 的董事長兼執行長

這裡是同位語(appositive)。

完整句子:

Warren Buffett loves American Express.

中間加入:

chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway

用來補充說明 Warren Buffett 的身分。

Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, loves American Express.
Warren Buffett,Berkshire Hathaway 的董事長兼執行長,喜愛 American Express。

2. love + 名詞

這裡 loves 並不是一定要翻成「愛」。

Buffett loves American Express.
Buffett 非常看好 American Express。

在財經文章中:

loves 可以理解為 Buffett 對這家公司非常有信心。

三、Although that may be too strong, he must like it a lot

1. Although + 子句

although = 雖然、儘管

Although that may be too strong
雖然這樣說可能有點太強烈

這裡的 that 指的是前一句:

Warren Buffett loves American Express.

也就是「說 Buffett 愛 American Express」這個說法。

2. may be too strong

too strong 在這裡不是「太強」。

而是:

這種說法太強烈/太誇張
Saying that he hates the company may be too strong.
說他討厭這家公司可能太強烈了。

3. must like it a lot

must + 原形動詞

這裡的 must 不是「必須」。

而是表示非常有把握的推測:

he must like it a lot
他一定非常喜歡它。

a lot = 很多、非常

He must like it a lot.
他一定非常看好它。

四、given that he has held it in his Berkshire Hathaway portfolio since 1991

1. given that + 子句

given that = 鑑於、考慮到、既然

given that he has held it in his Berkshire Hathaway portfolio since 1991
鑑於他自 1991 年以來一直將它持有在 Berkshire Hathaway 的投資組合中

given that 在財經文章中非常常見。

Given that interest rates remain high, investors may remain cautious.
鑑於利率仍然偏高,投資人可能會保持謹慎。

2. has held

這裡使用現在完成式:

has + held

因為這個動作:

started in 1991 → continues to the present
從 1991 年開始 → 持續到現在

所以使用:

has held … since 1991
自 1991 年以來一直持有……

而不是:

held … since 1991

3. since + 時間點

since 1991
自 1991 年以來

常見結構:

have/has + 過去分詞 + since + 時間點
She has worked here since 2010.
她自 2010 年以來一直在這裡工作。

五、In fact, not only is it one of his longest-held positions, but it is currently his third-largest holding.

1. not only A, but B

not only A, but B = 不僅 A,而且 B

not only is it one of his longest-held positions, but it is currently his third-largest holding.
它不僅是他持有時間最長的投資部位之一,而且目前也是他第三大的持股。

2. not only 後面的倒裝

注意:

not only is it one of…

不是:

not only it is…

這是因為 not only 放在句首時,後面的句子通常要使用倒裝。

正常語序:

It is one of his longest-held positions.

倒裝:

Not only is it one of his longest-held positions…

六、one of his longest-held positions

1. one of + 複數名詞

one of his longest-held positions
他持有時間最長的投資部位之一

基本句型:

one of + 複數名詞
one of the largest companies
最大的公司之一
one of the best investments
最好的投資之一

2. longest-held

longest-held 是複合形容詞。

long → longer → longest

longest-held position
持有時間最長的投資部位

這裡的 held 是過去分詞,修飾 position。

七、his third-largest holding

1. third-largest

third-largest = 第三大的

first-largest = 最大的
second-largest = 第二大的
third-largest = 第三大的

2. holding

在投資語境中:

holding
持股、持有的投資

一般英文中 holding 也可以表示「持有」,但在金融英文中經常指:

an investment that someone owns
某人所持有的投資
his third-largest holding
他第三大的持股

八、He owns more than 151 million shares of American Express

1. own + 股票

own = 持有、擁有

He owns more than 151 million shares of American Express.
他持有超過 1.51 億股 American Express 股票。

財經文章很常見:

own shares of…
持有……的股票

2. more than

more than = 超過

more than 151 million shares
超過 1.51 億股

同義:

  • over
  • in excess of
The company has more than $10 billion in cash.
該公司擁有超過 100 億美元現金。

九、which made up about 6.6% of his portfolio as of June 30

1. which

這裡的 which 是關係代名詞,指前面的:

more than 151 million shares of American Express

也就是指前面整個資訊。

2. make up

make up = 構成、佔

made up about 6.6% of his portfolio
約佔他的投資組合 6.6%

這是財經英文非常重要的片語。

Technology stocks make up 30% of the portfolio.
科技股佔投資組合的 30%。

3. as of + 日期

as of June 30
截至 6 月 30 日

as of 非常常出現在財報、持股、統計數據中。

As of June 30, the company had $5 billion in cash.
截至 6 月 30 日,該公司擁有 50 億美元現金。

十、Broadly speaking, American Express checks a lot of critical boxes for Buffett

1. Broadly speaking

broadly speaking = 廣泛來說、概括而言

這是一個句首副詞片語。

Broadly speaking, …
概括來說……

同義:

  • generally speaking
  • in general
  • overall

2. check a lot of boxes

check the boxes / check a lot of boxes

字面是「勾選很多格子」。

但在這裡是慣用語:

符合很多條件
American Express checks a lot of critical boxes for Buffett.
American Express 符合 Buffett 的許多重要投資條件。

3. critical boxes

critical = 關鍵的、重要的

critical factors
關鍵因素
critical requirements
重要要求

十一、as he likes banks, strong management, a competitive advantage and good value

1. as

這裡的 as = 因為、由於

不是「像……一樣」。

as he likes banks…
因為他喜歡銀行……

2. strong management

strong management = 優秀的管理層/強大的管理團隊

同義:

  • experienced management = 經驗豐富的管理層
  • effective management = 有效的管理層
  • capable management = 有能力的管理層

3. competitive advantage

competitive advantage = 競爭優勢

這是投資英文最重要的詞之一。

The company has a strong competitive advantage.
這家公司具有強大的競爭優勢。

4. good value

good value = 良好的估值/具有吸引力的價值

在投資語境中,不一定直接翻成「好的價值」。

可以理解為:

股價相對公司價值具有吸引力

十二、Right now in particular, American Express is trading at a favorable valuation

1. right now

right now = 目前、現在

2. in particular

in particular = 特別是、尤其

Right now in particular
尤其是目前

也可以寫:

Particularly right now

3. trade at + 價格/估值

trade at 是股票英文非常重要的結構。

American Express is trading at a favorable valuation.
American Express 目前的估值具有吸引力。
The stock is trading at a P/E ratio of 20.
這檔股票目前的本益比為 20 倍。

4. favorable valuation

favorable valuation = 有利的估值/具有吸引力的估值

同義:

  • attractive valuation = 具有吸引力的估值
  • reasonable valuation = 合理的估值
  • compelling valuation = 極具吸引力的估值

十三、but does it have long-term growth potential?

這裡是一般疑問句。

正常陳述句:

It has long-term growth potential.

變成疑問句:

Does it have long-term growth potential?
它具有長期成長潛力嗎?

long-term growth potential

long-term = 長期的

growth potential = 成長潛力

long-term growth potential
長期成長潛力

十四、這段最值得學的片語

英文 中文
undervalued stock 被低估的股票
growth potential 成長潛力
chairman and CEO 董事長兼執行長
may be too strong 可能說得太強烈
like it a lot 非常喜歡/非常看好
given that 鑑於、考慮到
hold a stock 持有股票
since 1991 自 1991 年以來
in fact 事實上
longest-held position 持有時間最長的投資部位
third-largest holding 第三大持股
more than 超過
shares of ……的股票
make up 構成、佔
as of 截至
broadly speaking 概括而言
check a lot of boxes 符合很多條件
strong management 優秀的管理層
competitive advantage 競爭優勢
good value 良好/有吸引力的價值
in particular 特別是、尤其
trade at 以……估值/價格交易
favorable valuation 有吸引力的估值
long-term growth potential 長期成長潛力

十五、這段最值得單獨學習的 5 個片語

given that
鑑於、考慮到
not only … but …
不僅……而且……
make up
構成、佔
as of
截至
check a lot of boxes
符合許多條件

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