In Relation to 的意思與用法:相對於、與……相比

In fact, it has the lowest efficiency ratio of the major banks, at 50%, which means that its expenses are lower in relation to its revenue. On the other hand, a higher efficiency ratio means a company’s expenses are higher in relation to its revenue.

JPMorgan Chase also has a high common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio of 13.8% and $1.4 trillion in cash and marketable securities. The CET1 ratio is a measure of liquidity, and 13.8% is well beyond the required regulatory minimum. This allows JPMorgan Chase to continually fund its dividend while investing in its growth, like by purchasing the assets of the failed First Republic bank earlier this year.

On top of the strong and reliable dividend, JPMorgan also has posted solid returns. It is up almost 9% year to date, outperforming its peers by a wide margin as they are all in negative territory. The bank’s capital strength, management and diversity of revenue streams as the market leader are big reasons for that, and the excellent dividend is a nice added benefit.

一、In fact, it has the lowest efficiency ratio of the major banks, at 50%, which means that its expenses are lower in relation to its revenue.

1. In fact — 事實上

In fact 是副詞片語,用來補充或強調前面的資訊。

In fact, it has the lowest efficiency ratio of the major banks.
事實上,它是大型銀行中效率比最低的。

同義詞:

  • actually — 事實上
  • indeed — 的確
  • as a matter of fact — 事實上

2. the lowest + 名詞 + of + 複數名詞 — ……之中最低的

the lowest efficiency ratio of the major banks

這裡使用最高級:

the + lowest + 名詞 + of + 群體

表示「某個群體之中最低的……」。

the lowest price of the three companies
三家公司中最低的價格
the highest growth rate of the major companies
大型公司中最高的成長率

3. at 50% — 為 50%

這裡的 at + 數字 用來表示某個數值、比例或水準。

Its efficiency ratio is at 50%.

也可以說:

Its efficiency ratio is 50%.

在財經英文中,at + 數值 很常見。

Inflation is at 3%.
通膨率為 3%。
The unemployment rate is at 4%.
失業率為 4%。

4. which means that + 子句 — 這意味著……

which means that its expenses are lower in relation to its revenue.

which 指的是前面整個情況:

it has the lowest efficiency ratio of the major banks, at 50%

which means that + 子句

表示「這意味著……」。

這是財經文章非常常見的解釋句型。

5. lower in relation to — 相對於……較低

its expenses are lower in relation to its revenue

in relation to = 相對於、就……而言、與……相比。

相對於營收而言,支出較低。

同義詞:

  • relative to — 相對於
  • compared with — 與……相比
  • compared to — 與……相比
  • in comparison with — 與……相比

二、On the other hand, a higher efficiency ratio means a company’s expenses are higher in relation to its revenue.

1. On the other hand — 另一方面

On the other hand 用來引出與前面相反或不同的情況。

前面:

a lower efficiency ratio

接著:

On the other hand, a higher efficiency ratio…

形成明顯對比。

另一方面,較高的效率比意味著公司的支出相對於營收較高。

同義詞:

  • in contrast — 相反地
  • by contrast — 相比之下
  • conversely — 反過來說

2. a higher efficiency ratio — 較高的效率比

這裡的 higher 是比較級。

high → higher → highest

注意:higher 不一定表示「高」,而是表示「比另一個數值高」。

3. means + 子句 — 意味著……

a higher efficiency ratio means a company’s expenses are higher…

mean + 名詞

或:

mean + 子句

Higher revenue means higher profits.
A lower valuation means investors are paying less.

4. a company’s expenses — 公司的支出

這裡是所有格:

a company’s expenses

= the expenses of a company

一家公司的支出

三、JPMorgan Chase also has a high common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio of 13.8% and $1.4 trillion in cash and marketable securities.

1. a ratio of 13.8% — 13.8%的比率

a ratio of + 數字 用來表示某個比率是多少。

a CET1 ratio of 13.8%
CET1 比率為 13.8%

類似:

a profit margin of 20%
a payout ratio of 40%

2. $1.4 trillion in cash and marketable securities

這裡的 in 表示「持有/存在於某種資產中」。

$1.4 trillion in cash and marketable securities
1.4 兆美元的現金及有價證券

類似:

$50 billion in cash
500 億美元現金
$10 billion in investments
100 億美元投資

3. marketable securities — 有價證券

marketable securities 指可以比較容易在市場上買賣、轉換成現金的金融資產。

  • securities — 證券
  • stocks — 股票
  • bonds — 債券
  • marketable securities — 有價證券

四、The CET1 ratio is a measure of liquidity, and 13.8% is well beyond the required regulatory minimum.

1. a measure of — ……的衡量指標

The CET1 ratio is a measure of liquidity.
CET1 比率是衡量流動性的一項指標。

a measure of + 名詞

表示「……的衡量指標」。

ROE is a measure of profitability.
Free cash flow is a measure of a company’s cash-generating ability.

同義詞:

  • indicator of — ……的指標
  • gauge of — ……的衡量標準
  • metric for — ……的衡量指標

2. well beyond — 遠遠超過

13.8% is well beyond the required regulatory minimum.
13.8% 遠遠超過法規要求的最低標準。

這裡的 well 不是「好」。

它是副詞,用來強調 beyond 的程度。

The company is well beyond its initial target.
Revenue is well above expectations.

3. the required regulatory minimum — 法規要求的最低標準

這是一個很典型的名詞片語:

  • required — 所要求的
  • regulatory — 法規的、監管的
  • minimum — 最低標準
regulatory minimum
法規規定的最低標準

五、This allows JPMorgan Chase to continually fund its dividend while investing in its growth

1. allow + 人/公司 + to V — 使……能夠……

這是非常重要的文法:

allow + O + to + V
This allows JPMorgan Chase to continually fund its dividend.
這使 JPMorgan Chase 能夠持續支付股息。
Strong cash flow allows the company to invest in growth.
Higher profits allow the company to increase its dividend.

2. fund its dividend — 為股息提供資金

fund 在這裡是動詞:

fund its dividend
為股息提供資金/支付股息

fund + 名詞 可以表示「為某件事情提供資金」。

同義詞:

  • finance — 為……提供資金
  • support — 支持
  • pay for — 支付

3. while + V-ing — 同時……

while investing in its growth

完整概念是:

while it is investing in its growth

主詞相同時,可以省略:

while + 主詞 + be + V-ing

變成:

while + V-ing

這是英文非常常見的省略結構。

4. invest in — 投資於

investing in its growth

invest in + 名詞 = 投資於……

  • invest in technology — 投資科技
  • invest in growth — 投資成長
  • invest in the business — 投資企業

六、like by purchasing the assets of the failed First Republic bank earlier this year.

1. like + V-ing — 例如……

like by purchasing…

這裡的 like 不是「喜歡」。

這裡是在舉例說明 JPMorgan 如何投資成長。

不過更正式的財經英文通常會使用:

such as by purchasing…
for example, by purchasing…

2. by + V-ing — 透過……

by purchasing the assets
透過購買資產

by + V-ing 表示「透過做某事」。

The company increased revenue by raising prices.
Investors can reduce risk by diversifying their portfolios.

3. failed bank — 倒閉的銀行

the failed First Republic bank
已倒閉的 First Republic 銀行

failed 是過去分詞作形容詞:

V-ed + 名詞

這種:

V-ed + 名詞

在新聞及財經英文中非常常見。

七、On top of the strong and reliable dividend, JPMorgan also has posted solid returns.

1. On top of — 除了……之外

On top of the strong and reliable dividend…
除了強勁且可靠的股息之外……

On top of + 名詞

= 除了……之外。

同義詞:

  • in addition to — 除了……之外
  • besides — 除了……之外
  • additionally — 此外

2. strong and reliable — 強勁且可靠的

strong and reliable dividend
  • strong — 強勁的
  • reliable — 可靠的

reliable 在股息投資文章中特別常見。

同義詞:

  • dependable — 可靠的
  • consistent — 穩定一致的
  • stable — 穩定的

3. has posted solid returns — 已取得穩健的報酬

post solid returns
取得穩健報酬

財經英文中:

post + results / returns / growth

非常常見。

post solid returns
取得穩健報酬
post strong earnings
公布強勁獲利
post revenue growth
實現營收成長

這裡的 post 不是「發布文章」的意思,而是「取得/公布某項結果」。

八、It is up almost 9% year to date, outperforming its peers by a wide margin as they are all in negative territory.

1. be up + 百分比 — 上漲……

It is up almost 9%.
它上漲了將近 9%。

財經英文非常常見:

The stock is up 10%.
股票上漲 10%。

相反:

The stock is down 10%.
股票下跌 10%。

2. year to date — 年初至今

year to date (YTD)
從今年年初到現在

這是金融市場非常重要的片語。

The stock is up 15% year to date.
該股票今年以來上漲 15%。

3. outperform — 表現優於

outperforming its peers
表現優於同業

outperform + 名詞

The stock outperformed the S&P 500.

反義詞:

underperform — 表現落後

4. by a wide margin — 大幅地、遠遠地

outperforming its peers by a wide margin
大幅領先同業

margin 在這裡不是「利潤率」,而是「差距」。

同義詞:

  • by far — 遠遠地
  • significantly — 顯著地
  • by a large margin — 大幅地

5. as they are all in negative territory

in negative territory
處於負值/下跌區間

in negative territory 是財經新聞非常常見的片語。

這裡指 JPMorgan 的同業今年以來都是負報酬。

The stock remains in negative territory.
該股票仍處於下跌區間。

九、The bank’s capital strength, management and diversity of revenue streams as the market leader are big reasons for that

1. capital strength — 資本實力

capital strength
資本實力/資本強度

銀行分析中非常常見。

相關詞:

  • financial strength — 財務實力
  • balance-sheet strength — 資產負債表實力
  • capital position — 資本狀況

2. diversity of revenue streams — 多元化的收入來源

revenue stream
收入來源/收入流
multiple revenue streams
多元收入來源
diversity of revenue streams
收入來源的多元性

這個片語對公司基本面分析非常有用。

3. as the market leader — 作為市場領導者

As the market leader, the company has a strong competitive advantage.
作為市場領導者,這家公司具有強大的競爭優勢。

as + 名詞

可以表示「作為……」。

4. reasons for that — 造成這種情況的原因

are big reasons for that
是造成這種情況的重要原因。

reason for + 名詞

the reason for the decline
下跌的原因
reasons for the increase
上升的原因

十、The excellent dividend is a nice added benefit.

1. added benefit — 額外的好處

added benefit
額外的好處/附加利益

added 是過去分詞作形容詞。

added value
額外價值
added advantage
額外優勢

2. a nice added benefit — 不錯的額外優勢

作者最後把股息定位成:

a nice added benefit
不錯的額外好處

意思不是「股息是投資 JPMorgan 的唯一原因」,而是:

即使公司本身具有資本實力、管理能力及多元收入來源,優秀的股息仍然是一項額外好處。

這一段最值得學的 15 個財經英文片語

英文 中文
In fact 事實上
the lowest … of ……之中最低的
at 50% 為 50%
which means that 這意味著
in relation to 相對於
On the other hand 另一方面
a measure of ……的衡量指標
well beyond 遠遠超過
allow A to V 使 A 能夠做……
while + V-ing 同時……
by + V-ing 透過……
On top of 除了……之外
year to date 年初至今
outperform … by a wide margin 大幅跑贏……
in negative territory 處於負值/下跌區間

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