Roughly Flat 是什麼意思?英文片語用法與例句

Wells Fargo, the fourth-largest U.S. bank, saw its revenue climb 6.6% to $20.9 billion in the quarter, topping estimates of about $20.1 billion.
Net income soared about 61% to $5.8 billion, or $1.48 per share, beating consensus estimates of $1.25 per share.
Loan balances were roughly flat at $943 million, compared to $945 million in the same quarter a year ago, while deposit balances were down 4.8% to $1.3 billion.
Further, net interest income was up 8% to $13.1 billion, while non-interest income climbed 4% to $7.8 billion.
Provisions for credit losses were 53% higher at $1.2 billion, mainly to account for commercial real estate office loans and higher credit card loan balances.
Some of the catalysts for the big jump in earnings included an 8.9% reduction in non-interest expenses to $13.1 billion and the sale of approximately $2 billion of private-equity investments.
Wells Fargo also improved its ROTCE to 15.9% from 9.8% a year ago, while its efficiency ratio fell to 63% from 73% in Q3 2022.

一、逐句文法分析

1. Wells Fargo, the fourth-largest U.S. bank, saw its revenue climb 6.6% to $20.9 billion in the quarter, topping estimates of about $20.1 billion.

中文翻譯:
富國銀行是美國第四大銀行,該季度營收上升 6.6% 至 209 億美元,高於約 201 億美元的預期。

Wells Fargo, the fourth-largest U.S. bank 是同位語,the fourth-largest U.S. bank 用來補充說明 Wells Fargo。 fourth-largest 表示「第四大的」。

saw its revenue climb 6.6% 使用 see + 受詞 + 原形動詞 結構,表示「看到、經歷某事發生」。 因此 saw its revenue climb 可以理解為「經歷營收上升」。

climb 6.6% to $20.9 billion 表示「上升 6.6%,達到 209 億美元」。

topping estimates 是現在分詞片語,用來補充說明前面的結果。 top estimates 表示「超過預期、超越預估」。

2. Net income soared about 61% to $5.8 billion, or $1.48 per share, beating consensus estimates of $1.25 per share.

中文翻譯:
淨利大幅增加約 61%,達到 58 億美元,或每股 1.48 美元,高於市場共識預期的每股 1.25 美元。

Net income soared 中的 soar 表示「大幅上升、激增」,語氣比一般的 increase 更強。

or $1.48 per share 中的 or 用來補充說明前面的金額。 per share 表示「每股」。

beating consensus estimates 是現在分詞片語,補充說明淨利的表現。 consensus estimates 表示「市場共識預期」。

3. Loan balances were roughly flat at $943 million, compared to $945 million in the same quarter a year ago, while deposit balances were down 4.8% to $1.3 billion.

中文翻譯:
貸款餘額大致持平於 9.43 億美元,相較於一年前同期的 9.45 億美元;而存款餘額下降 4.8% 至 13 億美元。

were roughly flat 中的 flat 在財經英文中非常常見,表示「持平」。 roughly flat 就是「大致持平」。

compared to $945 million 表示「與 9.45 億美元相比」。 compared to 是常見的比較用法。

in the same quarter a year ago 表示「一年前的同一季度」,也就是「去年同期」。

while deposit balances were down 4.8% 中的 while 在這裡表示「而、同時」,用來對比兩項數據。

4. Further, net interest income was up 8% to $13.1 billion, while non-interest income climbed 4% to $7.8 billion.

中文翻譯:
此外,淨利息收入上升 8% 至 131 億美元,而非利息收入增加 4% 至 78 億美元。

Further 在這裡是副詞,表示「此外、進一步地」,用來補充另一項資訊。

was up 8% 是財經英文常見的表達,表示「上升 8%」。

while non-interest income climbed 4% 使用 while 對比兩項收入的變化。

5. Provisions for credit losses were 53% higher at $1.2 billion, mainly to account for commercial real estate office loans and higher credit card loan balances.

中文翻譯:
信用損失準備金增加 53% 至 12 億美元,主要是為了反映商業房地產辦公室貸款以及較高的信用卡貸款餘額。

Provisions for credit losses 表示「信用損失準備金」。 provisions for… 可以表示「為……提列的準備金」。

were 53% higher 使用 be + 百分比 + higher,表示「高出 53%」。

mainly to account for… 中的 account for 在這裡不是「占……比例」,而是 「考量、反映、將……納入計算」。

6. Some of the catalysts for the big jump in earnings included an 8.9% reduction in non-interest expenses to $13.1 billion and the sale of approximately $2 billion of private-equity investments.

中文翻譯:
盈利大幅增加的部分原因包括非利息支出下降 8.9% 至 131 億美元,以及出售約 20 億美元的私募股權投資。

catalysts for 表示「促成……的因素」。 catalyst 原意為「催化劑」,也常用來表示促成某件事情的因素。

the big jump in earnings 表示「盈利大幅增加」。 jump 在財經英文中可以表示「大幅上升、激增」。

included A and B 後面列出兩個原因:

  • an 8.9% reduction in non-interest expenses
  • the sale of approximately $2 billion of private-equity investments

approximately 表示「大約」。

7. Wells Fargo also improved its ROTCE to 15.9% from 9.8% a year ago, while its efficiency ratio fell to 63% from 73% in Q3 2022.

中文翻譯:
富國銀行也將 ROTCE 從一年前的 9.8% 提升至 15.9%,而其效率比率則從 2022 年第三季的 73% 降至 63%。

improved its ROTCE to 15.9% from 9.8% 使用 improve A to B from C 結構, 表示「將某項指標從 C 改善至 B」。

a year ago 表示「一年前」。

fell to 63% from 73% 使用 fall to A from B,表示「從 B 下降至 A」。

二、重要片語

片語 中文意思 例句
see … climb 經歷……上升 The company saw revenue climb 10%.
top estimates 超越預期 Revenue topped estimates.
soar 大幅上升、激增 Net income soared 30%.
per share 每股 Earnings were $2 per share.
roughly flat 大致持平 Revenue remained roughly flat.
compared to 與……相比 Sales increased compared to last year.
be down 下降 Revenue was down 5%.
be up 上升 Profit was up 10%.
account for 解釋;占;考量、反映 Higher costs account for the decline.
catalyst for ……的促成因素 AI was a catalyst for growth.
jump in earnings 盈利大幅增加 The company reported a jump in earnings.
from A to B 從 A 到 B Revenue rose from $10 billion to $12 billion.

三、重要單字

單字 中文意思 同義詞
climb 上升 rise, increase
top 超過 exceed, surpass
soar 激增 surge, skyrocket
consensus 共識 general agreement
estimate 預估 projection, forecast
flat 持平 unchanged, stable
deposit 存款 bank deposit
further 此外、進一步 additionally, moreover
provision 準備金 reserve
loss 損失 decline, deficit
catalyst 促成因素 driver, trigger
reduction 減少 decrease, cut
approximately 大約 roughly, about
investment 投資 capital investment
improve 改善 enhance, strengthen
fall 下降 decline, decrease

四、同義詞比較

Climb / Rise / Increase

三者都可以表示「上升、增加」。

climb 常用於數字、價格、營收等逐步上升的情況; rise 是非常通用的「上升」; increase 則是最中性的「增加」。

Revenue climbed 6.6%.
營收上升 6.6%。

Soar / Surge / Skyrocket

三者都可以表示「大幅上升」。

soar 和 surge 在財經新聞中很常見; skyrocket 語氣更強,表示「暴增、飆升」。

Net income soared 61%.
淨利大幅增加 61%。

Top / Exceed / Surpass

三者都可以表示「超過」。

在財經新聞中,top estimates、 exceed estimates 和 surpass estimates 都可以表示「超過預期」。

The company topped analysts’ estimates.
該公司的表現超過分析師預期。

Fall / Decline / Decrease

三者都可以表示「下降、減少」。

fall 是常見的一般用法; decline 在商業與財經新聞中很常見; decrease 則是較中性的「減少」。

Revenue fell 5%.
營收下降 5%。

五、實用例句

Revenue topped estimates by $500 million.
營收比預期高出 5 億美元。

Net income soared 40% year over year.
淨利年增 40%。

Loan balances remained roughly flat.
貸款餘額大致持平。

Net interest income was up 8%.
淨利息收入上升 8%。

Higher interest rates accounted for the increase.
較高的利率解釋了這次增長。

Lower expenses were a catalyst for profit growth.
較低的支出是利潤成長的一項促成因素。

The efficiency ratio fell to 63% from 73%.
效率比率從 73% 降至 63%。

六、本文重點

這篇財經英文中值得特別記住的表達包括:

  • see … climb:經歷……上升
  • top estimates:超越預期
  • soar:大幅上升、激增
  • per share:每股
  • roughly flat:大致持平
  • be up:上升
  • be down:下降
  • account for:解釋、占、考量或反映
  • catalyst for:……的促成因素
  • jump in earnings:盈利大幅增加
  • fall to A from B:從 B 下降至 A

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